There are five different types of position property available in CSS: Fixed Static Relative Absolute Sticky The positioning of an element can be done using the top , right , bottom , and left properties. These specify the distance of an HTML element from the edge of the viewport. To set the position by these four properties, we have to declare the positioning method. An element with fixed positioning allows it to remain at the same position even we scroll the page.
We can set the position of the element using the top, right, bottom, left. Example: The below example illustrates the CSS positioning element by using the position: fixed property. Enrol now! TA Support. Placements in Companies. Get Certified. A data structure is a particular way of organizing data in a computer so that it can be used effectively. In the below example each grid row will take up equal height over 3 columns.
This will also define the wrapping of elements in your grid. Perhaps the most exciting property now available to us is grid-gap , which sets the gutters or gaps between rows and columns. Before this handy feature existed, setting gutters was an arduous task requiring negative margins and precise-width calculations. Writing a single value applies the same gap to both rows and columns; writing 2 separate values next to each other applies each gap to rows and columns respectively.
Not all grid positioning has to be done within the parent element; child elements take a few properties for greater control. For example, a grid with 6 columns will have 7 grid lines. We can also tell a grid item to spread itself across a certain number of columns or rows with span. Now, we can apply some similar properties to the child elements themselves with align-self and justify-self. Both take string values such as center start and end.
Align-self aligns on the block axis , while justify-self aligns on the inline axis. Alignment takes the amount of space the content inside the grid item takes up and places it accordingly. If you want to simplify even more, you can use the shorthand property place-self , which sets align-self and justify-self respectively. You can use two values to place an item, or one value that is applied to both properties. This makes centering a breeze. Grid is perhaps one of the most powerful layout techniques available to us right now on the web and was also one of the fastest adoptions of a spec by the major browsers.
Edge, on the other hand, fully supports grid without the need for prefixing. A good way to handle elements of variable sizes is to use the new flexbox properties introduced in CSS3. This gives us a lot more options to control layout and has solved some of the long-standing problems in CSS.
Flexbox is such a powerful tool and replaces so many other hacky solutions, so it is worth taking the time to understand how to use it. Setting the container to display: flex simply lets the browser know that we intend the children to use flexbox for their layout. Then we add flex-direction: row to the children to align them horizontally, and by default they will be the same width unless they have a width set.
Flex-direction allows you to specify whether your elements should be arranged vertically or horizontally. By default, the value will be row , which simply arranges you items horizontally.
You can also use column to switch to a vertical orientation. Keep in mind that using column may affect how the other flexbox properties look on your items, and for simplicity we will mostly be talking about horizontal items because that is by far the most common use-case, but keep in mind that this other direction option does exist.
Flex-wrap defines whether elements should be forced to fit in a single line no-wrap , the default behavior or allowed to maintain their normal size with wrap. When set to no-wrap , elements will still be sized proportional to each other. For instance, imagine items in a list are set to be px wide, except for the last one which is px. They can likewise be made to fill the available horizontal space by specifying both left and right and leaving width as auto.
Except for the case just described of absolutely positioned elements filling the available space :. Ensure that elements positioned with an absolute or fixed value do not obscure other content when the page is zoomed to increase text size. Scrolling elements containing fixed or sticky content can cause performance and accessibility issues. As a user scrolls, the browser must repaint the sticky or fixed content in a new location.
Depending on the content needing to be repainted, the browser performance, and the device's processing speed, the browser may not be able to manage repaints at 60 fps, causing accessibility concerns for people with sensitivities and jank for everyone.
One solution is to add will-change: transform to the positioned elements to render the element in its own layer, improving repaint speed and therefore improving performance and accessibility.
Relatively positioned elements are offset a given amount from their normal position within the document, but without the offset affecting other elements. In the example below, note how the other elements are placed as if "Two" were taking up the space of its normal location.
Elements that are relatively positioned remain in the normal flow of the document. In contrast, an element that is absolutely positioned is taken out of the flow; thus, other elements are positioned as if it did not exist. The absolutely positioned element is positioned relative to its nearest positioned ancestor i. If a positioned ancestor doesn't exist, it is positioned relative to the ICB initial containing block — see also the W3C definition , which is the containing block of the document's root element.
Fixed positioning is similar to absolute positioning, with the exception that the element's containing block is the initial containing block established by the viewport , unless any ancestor has transform , perspective , or filter property set to something other than none see CSS Transforms Spec , which then causes that ancestor to take the place of the elements containing block.
This can be used to create a "floating" element that stays in the same position regardless of scrolling. In the example below, box "One" is fixed at 80 pixels from the top of the page and 10 pixels from the left. Even after scrolling, it remains in the same place relative to the viewport.
Sticky positioning can be thought of as a hybrid of relative and fixed positioning. A stickily positioned element is treated as relatively positioned until it crosses a specified threshold, at which point it is treated as fixed until it reaches the boundary of its parent. Other content will not be adjusted to fit into any gap left by the element.
An element with position: fixed; is positioned relative to the viewport, which means it always stays in the same place even if the page is scrolled. The top, right, bottom, and left properties are used to position the element. An element with position: absolute; is positioned relative to the nearest positioned ancestor instead of positioned relative to the viewport, like fixed. However; if an absolute positioned element has no positioned ancestors, it uses the document body, and moves along with page scrolling.
Note: Absolute positioned elements are removed from the normal flow, and can overlap elements. An element with position: sticky; is positioned based on the user's scroll position. A sticky element toggles between relative and fixed , depending on the scroll position. It is positioned relative until a given offset position is met in the viewport - then it "sticks" in place like position:fixed. Note: Internet Explorer does not support sticky positioning.
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