Therefore, carrying out reliable and accurate tensile tests should be a priority. Contact us today to be connected with a reliable tensile testing equipment manufacturer to meet your tensile testing needs.
Types of Tensile Tests There are several types of tensile test, which include the following: 1. Adhesion or Bond Strength Test This type of tensile stress test measures the strength of the bond of a coating to a surface or item. Crimp Pull-off Test Also known as crimp pull testing, this test uses a tensile testing equipment to measure how much tensile force is needed to remove a crimped ferrule, connector, or terminal from a wire.
Peel Test A peel or peeling test is conducted to determine the strength of adhesion or stickiness between two materials bonded with an adhesive. Tear Resistance Test This test uses a tensile test apparatus to apply a force to an item that already has an initial tear until it completely fails or breaks.
Metals and Construction Industry Use of Tensile Preparation ASTM E8 — the most popular method of testing metals — by metal fabricators to assess the tensile strength of steel preparation, produce materials with the right ductility and strength, and pass the compliance standards to ensure high-quality and safe materials To test tensile strength of safety support nettings, timbers, and geotextiles Testing bond strength of adhesives, sealants, mastics, and between layers of brick and foam 4.
Electrical and Electronics Industry Tensile straining of conductive film and substrate used in flexible electronics to determine their mechanical and electrical behavior Characterizing pull-off properties of crimped, soldered, or welded electrical contacts and components Measuring tensile strength of printed circuit board PCB materials Testing for tensile strength of electrical wires to meet specific requirements Measuring withdrawal force of connectors 5.
Medical Equipment and Materials Industry Assessing the compression and tensile strength of lenses to guarantee it can withstand everyday use Tensile strength testing surgical tubes to identify its mechanical properties and possible material and junction defects that could harm the patient Testing catheters to assess intra-tubular flexion and accurate transmission of torsion necessary to change direction through guide wires Determine whether bandages, dressings, and textile materials are elastic enough Identifying the elongation of surgical gloves, silicone rubbers, and other soft stretchable medical materials Testing the strength of needles and injectors Testing the joint strength of respiratory masks and IV connector fittings 6.
In alloys, tensile strength is influenced by composition , such as the amount of carbon in carbon steels. A tensile test measures the level of strength that a material possesses.
A material testing laboratory usually conducts the test using a universal testing machine UTM , which holds a specimen material in place and applies the tension stress needed to check the breaking point. The specimen used for tensile testing is shaped into a round bar with a large shoulder on either end, from which the UTM can grip the material during application of tensile stress. As the machine pulls the specimen, change in the gage length is measured.
This same test can also determine yield strength , which measures the maximum amount of stress before showing plastic deformation. The test is conducted in a controlled environment to prevent other factors from coming into play, such as temperature and exposure to impurities. Tensile strength is measured in pressure units, most commonly in units of Pascal MPa or GPa in stronger materials.
Strength-to-weight ratio is an important parameter for structural engineers and material manufacturers. This figure is calculated by dividing the load-carrying capacity by the material weight. When a particular material or structural component is expected to receive tension stress, the strength-to-weight ratio determines how much the material can withstand.
Each material has its own unique tensile capacity. This is the reason why some materials are effective for industries and applications where tension stress occurs. Graphene is considered to be one of the strongest materials able to withstand tension stress. Its tensile strength is , MPa, which is higher than steel at - 2, MPa. As a result, the material may be manufactured as ultra-thin sheets that are extremely strong and durable.
Because of its high capacity for tension stress, this carbon allotrope has found its way into buildings and aircraft design. Boron nitride nanotubes have a tensile strength of 33, MPa, which makes it a suitable material for aerospace applications.
Plastics exhibit relatively low tolerance for tensile stress, with most of its variants experiencing elongation and tearing at only 5 MPa as in the case of PVC-P. The performance of their materials are a matter of life or death — cars and airplanes cannot fail, and buildings must stay standing.
For instance, according to AP news reports, the recent disaster in a factory in Bangladesh — more than workers perished when the building collapsed — was in part caused by loading the building beyond its designed structural capacity.
Properly designed and tested structural additions may have averted the catastrophe. A subset of the metal industry worthy of special mention is the research and development of novel metal alloys. Metal alloys are designed to provide material properties tailored to specific applications and uses. Load bearing steel beams are fabricated with high strength materials, but steel that is used for framing in walls needs to have a certain amount of ductility to allow it to be formed into shape and to enable fasteners, such as drywall screws, to work — if the steel is too brittle, it will crack.
Tensile testing is the most common method for determining these material properties. Another good example of tailored material properties for specific applications is the automobile, in which the design of the frame in the engine compartment utilizes different materials than the doors and pillars that hold the drivers and passengers.
The right combination of ductility and strength in the right places improves safety and crash management through Energy absorption.
Such machines are also used to perform compressive strength testing of materials. Most machines are modular and can be readily adapted to fit a particular material's dimensions or a customer's needs. They can accommodate many kinds of materials ranging from hard samples like steel or concrete to more flexible things like rubber or textiles.
Different models of Universal Testing Machines have different load capacities, some as low as 5kN and others as high as 2,kN. Tensile strength testing can also be conducted under a variety of environmental conditions by placing the machine in an environmental room or chamber. UTM's can range widely in size from small tabletop versions to very large machines with greater than 53 mega newtons 12 million lbs capacity.
As previously mentioned, tensile strength is a very important concept in various fields, especially engineering. It is used to guarantee the quality of components, materials, and finished products within a wide range of industries. Tensile strength testing, as we have seen, is an incredibly important process. While simple in concept, assessing the tensile strength of something can be fairly involved and sophisticated.
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