Apart from high-speed data transmissons, the 3G network also came with other enhancements which set it miles away from 2G, which includes advanced access to multimedia, high-speed Internet as well as international roaming. Like in 2G, the development of the 3G cellular network also involved concerted efforts from several telco firms and compliance to standards to make sure that the technology would be interoperable and accessible to more people.
It also aimed to bring transmission speeds of up to kbps for mobile stations and 2 megabits per second mbps for fixed stations. The IMT comprises of standards that are usually branded 3G:. Japan was the first country to implement a widespread 3G network system. Nepal was the first country in south-east Asia to implement 3G. Eventually, the 3G network was adopted by telecom companies across countries in Europe, Asia, the Americas, and Africa.
In the mids, an evolved 3G system began to be researched and implemented. It enhanced the existing 3G technology to the High-Speed Packet Access category and came up with the newer versions like 3. These versions allowed higher data rates and capacity and paved the way for the next generation of 4G technologies.
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You may also like. Key staff were selected by the consortium partners and the program the commenced with an inaugural meeting of representatives from each of the twenty five-member consortium in Cambridge at the Arundel House Hotel in January It was now down to the research engineers to work through each of the challenges and provide solutions.
As well as individual technical tasks, an architecture or systems design work package had been established with Gerard MacNamee as its leader.
As well as addressing some of the most complex systems issues it had the additional responsibility to ensure that technical solutions were compatible with the overall program. Great progress was made by with successive enhancements to the program and increased funding granted at each stage. Detractors continued to argue against the program, but, as it remained in the research arena where results were highly valued, the opposition had little impact.
The program gained credibility. Research deliverables, particularly in the radio area, were used to improve GSM including the early propagation studies into the MHz band. One of the by-products of the program was the transfer of technology and innovation to the strengthen GSM. Over the research period, the technical advances, which allowed for the possibility for UMTS, were used enhanced GSM terminals and network equipment alike. Opposition however grew as the possibility of industrial exploitation drew closer.
The great fear was that GSM would be displaced. In reality GSM would only be displaced by its own limits. The improvements in radio technology, allowing higher frequency bands to be used, would open up a vacuum for rival industrial initiatives to fill from other parts of the world. But those still struggling to get GSM off the ground could not see so far ahead.
The first step was platform validation. Both techniques were advances of proven 2G narrow band-multiplexing systems. Ultimately both systems performed to expectations so it was down political and industrial competition for the choice. With the UMTS program drawing to a close and the final concertation seminars concluding, the process to bring UMTS to maturity was still unclear and the bridge from research to reality uncertain.
It was agreed that the stakeholders from the Mobile Industry needed to be brought together so that the spectrum, regulatory and standards processes could be set in progress. A task force was agreed and commenced in April By August a task force report had been published with a timetable setting out the steps for commercial UMTS deployment in , draft European council directives for spectrum outlined and a proposal for a UMTS Forum to drive the progress of UMTS across the mobile industry.
Fig 7 — UMTS commercial launch timetable. By December the Forum was established as a legal entity with secretariat funded by the membership. A Management team representing Regulators, Operators, Market strategies, and Technologies with Edwin Candy elected as its first chairman.
The forum went on to play a crucial part in the introduction of UMTS. The structure of the forum was unique. The close links between the representatives of governments across the EU and the UMTS forum with its representation across the entire industry and allowed issues to be resolved in a collaborative environment. This would normally have involved setting up a new group for the task. Ultimately all the parts of the GSM network were redefined in such a way that platforms purchased as the GSM networks were upgraded to meet capacity would be equally able to support the functionality demanded by UMTS.
Europe was not alone in researching and developing wide band mobile systems, and a number of corporations held lucrative patent portfolios for mobile technology. Similarly Governments were realizing the economic benefits from a vibrant mobile manufacturing sector.
Stakes in mobile were high. Japan was also looking to leverage its superiority in consumer electronics into the volume mobile sector. This clash of interests led to a battle for the selection of the chosen radio technology for a global UMTS air-interface standard.
Unfortunately the emerging consensus between Europe and Japan on a common Air interface standard was not supported by the US and the utopia of a world standard faltered. This was sufficient for it to be accepted by 3GPP. In an effort to sustain at least a continuing global dialogue on standards the 3GPP formed two specifications, one for the European-Japanese axis and the other for the US narrower-band version of CDMA.
As had happened with Mannesmann and GSM, it fell to a new entrant to take a full share of the teething pains of bringing a revolutionary new technology to market. He deserved more than anyone the satisfaction that the UMTS service had launched almost precisely to the date predicted at the conception in and again by the UMTS task force report in By 3G networks were rolling out the high-speed versions of HSPA and operators were offering data rates on mobile phones, which were comparable with rate available from domestic last mile fixed services at that time.
As soon as user terminals provided universal and fast connection to the Internet data volumes across the mobile networks climbed spectacularly. The data explosion had arrived. The world was soon crying out for the next mobile technology generation.
But it was not the only revolution. Economists had taken an interest in the value of radio spectrum. They persuaded Governments that auctioning the spectrum would not only raise for them a lot of money but came up with a theory that an auction would get spectrum into the hands of those who would make the most productive use of it.
Edwin Candy Few have the privilege of being on the inside of such a technology revolution that lasted 20 years from inception to reality. The era of conception UMTS was conceived and progressed by the research community at a time when the feasibility of mass-market mobile car phones as opposed to business mobile car phones was only just being explored. A Gap in the Vision Although the UMTS Vision was surprisingly accurate, and recognized the need for a high rate data channel to and from mobile and the need to connect to connect to computers and data centres, it did not see foresee the possibility of a huge data network of equivalent in size and reach of the telephone.
The Collaborators In April a two-day seminar and meeting was organized at Philips Research Laboratories in Redhill to consider if a collaborative program could be established under the rules of the RACE programme.
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